The Tara buy peace, Ona find the war suddenly
Given the value of peace at the time of war,,,
In this way, it should be lost between the opposite of war is peace and life
But even so, because there was life of peace, such as the flower of memories
Still Among the war, or did not have the life that you live with realized the value of peace. "
Or. Wish. Life. Joy peace. Love "?
or GRIEF. Hate. Despair. Death. Or war
in rural [4-A black and white photo #] can go home safely to give the flock hay to prepare the winter and "peace"
▲ to ear remains hanging prisoners were captured in [4-B B & W Photo #] after the prisoner interrogation, again, if I have to prepare for the next war miserable "war"
<Photo origin: AND / OR1967 Marjorie Morris and Don Sauers>
Let 's do our best to understand the true without the disastrous " war " and " peace " , and the wish of the whole world "peace" !
Peace ( peace peace)
Summary
I reconciled calm . Means a state in which the war has not occurred among human populations , peace is often used as a counterpart concept of war .
Description
I reconciled calm . Means a state in which the war has not occurred among human populations , peace is often used as a counterpart concept of war . This concept , age and culture , historical change of purpose and cause and methods , and functions of the war , or depending on the point of view to see the war , its meaning and content will change . Images, such as rich , order , peace - definition is included in general to peace in some cultures , the concept of peace in Eastern culture bloc , static and introverted and non- political in general Yet compared , in Western culture , attitude to peace is outgoing and political as peace through the full rule of the country you have a war for peace . In addition , peace and war is not a natural phenomenon , while you means an abnormal condition resulting from conflict and tension in the relationship of population , war as a social phenomenon , refers to a state of stable relationship of population peace . However , as one of the methods despite the credit level , thereby binding the relationship of the population , war is used repeatedly for political power , peace despite universal - normal value , in response to the threat of war always it becomes unstable when it is making ready to war . Thus , the absence of war does not mean peace always , not the opposite concept of war concept defined in peace itself is necessary .
Positive peace and negative peace
The concept of peace is tinged with historical and cultural particularity , the universality of each . Even in the peace that has been placed in the historical and cultural status of certain , in the central and peripheral portions of the culture , the meaning is as you might have changed , grasp on the particularity the universality of the concept of peace be not an easy task . The concept of peace , can be divided largely on the concept of positive peace , including a move to try to rid prevent war between the collective and the negative peace of the state where there is no war between the populations simply . Values and understanding of the population - between countries are different from each other , the international community , are always at odds , it has the potential to develop into a war at all times . Therefore , does not exist with the international community of a complete state of peace , conflict between the units < political peace , forms of violence , sociologist R. Aron French state that was stopped on an ongoing basis to some extent " I was defined as . Basically , negative peace in a state in which war has not occurred simply , is possible by the balance of power among nations . However , usually , by the same power balance between nations that not be done , peace is established by the state of dominant bargaining position of a small number with a power that can overwhelm the other countries in general. The mid-19th century , and peace of the UK , mid-20th century , the anode system by the former Soviet Union and the United States is a typical example . In addition , in situations where the country Pax Romana by the ancient Roman Empire , such as the ( Pax Romana ) is completely dominated the other countries , independence of other countries is lost , there is peace by empire peace is established . However, it is placed in the center value of the national interest security , sovereignty nation-state of all for peaceful state reluctant , but is intended for protection of peace through a balance of power policy is not intended sustained peace of these , tentative peace is broken , it means you are building a military system strategy in order to win the war . In addition , mechanical function acts between the country to challenge the superiority and hegemon peace by hegemonic power also to maintain and achieve a competitive advantage in a sustained manner , enhancement of military power of mutual and follow inevitably , risk of war is inherent at all times . In modern times represented by nuclear weapons , the meaning is in the weak even more negative peace maintained by the strategic system and military power of the hegemonic power . In comparison with the development of science and technology , nuclear missile hit the degree to increases, the reliability of nuclear deterrence is low , the probability of nuclear war by contingency Osan , the accident occurs is increased significantly , intrinsic of nuclear strategy This is because to act as an element of the can crisis of nuclear war due to inconsistent disrupt the negative peace . Thus , under the hegemonic power , as well as successful in avoiding a major war , there is always the possibility of nuclear war broke out , on the other hand , inside the third and fourth world , local war occurs , its frequency it violates also negative peace concept itself of state increased significantly , chipped war . Some of the negative peace concept , structural violence of poverty and broad meaning unsanitary state of extreme which is the root cause of war , political oppression , cultural alienation , and racism is further encapsulated . This comes from vertical control type for the maintenance of order of hegemonic power center , itself , is a violation of the physical and mental freedom and peace of human beings . Seen from this point of view , peace reluctant are made based on the incorrect peaceful theory , therefore , the concept of peace , not only to mean peace of passivity is a state of applying war simply , it follows that necessarily include a positive attitude to be obtained peace stable . The concept of positive peace , sometimes at the same time means a state refers to a motion . The contents of positive peace in order to achieve peace and stable actually , until the security by way of arms other than the limitation of war , disarmament , abolition , war annihilation , the acquisition of lasting peace , and some I include a stage of development . But how to remove non- violent without being connected to the war the structural violence that is inherent in the peace reluctant to realize the ideal of lasting peace through a stage like this I will be a problem that followed . Here , approach to peace according to the method and empirical recognition as the situation demands a negative peace concept while recognizing the importance of positive peace concept , and be connected empirically , to create a state of peace is proposed have .
The history of peace thought
It is its origin from the ancient religious establishment period . In the East , ink-character of China of the 5th century BC ( Mozi ) is claimed (non战论) strong vision loan once , Plato , Aristotle , considered as a natural phenomenon of human society the war . In addition, the religions of the world to the idea of the brethren million people and at the same time to fundamentally peace thought , I also had a truculent attitude of the heathen , such as the Crusades . You are trying to avoid war by creating a dispute resolution function for the war < reversal attention> and < idealism > that opposed the war mainly , to try to protect peace < internationalism > peace thought , a < realistic > I have led in the direction of the two . With the advent of the Roman Empire , < realistic > peace ideas , such as one-man - Delian League alliance of ancient Greece and < idealism > peace - Christian thought by the ancient Stoics led to the Pax Romana , which means that hegemony . However , only the absence of war of empire internal unity and the internal order of from the center of the empire , Pax Romana , does not mean peace of Emperor abroad periphery. On the basis of Christian theology , denying thoroughly intended to be anti- Christian war of all , peace thought revived in new Europe in the Middle Ages . In the 14th century , in the dispute mediation system that P. Dubois is through the Christian sovereign state federation , presents for the first time a world government , and of peace thought vision (Non-战) theory and international organization theory developed until the 16th century I prepared a new turning point . In the early modern period led to attempts of international peace mechanism emerged more deeply , T. Hobbs · H. Gurochiosu was solved by the method of epidemiology was grounded in materialist view of nature of conflict resolution . Hobbes , Gurochiosu was emphasized peace by international law and force balance, and peace by Chikaranoshuuyaku that state contract . CIC and Saint-Pierre · JJ Rousseau to present each collective security concept in the 18th century , the effects were developed in the basic concept of the International Federation of I. Kant . On the other hand , rather than in the absence of war , it is defined as a state of peace human emancipation has been realized , B. Spinoza , were expanded the concept of peace . In the 19th century , war of aggression for privatization and trade privatization takes place with the development of capitalist imperialism , militarism thought GWF Hegel top priority thought , such as Nazism , fascism , a laissez-faire manner nation reason I gave birth to flow leading to social evolution . In addition, the permanent peace can be achieved only by the socialist revolution in grounded in materialist view of history , has created a new peace thought K. Marx . In the 20th century , which the First World War , such as the birth of the League of Nations , peace thought realistic from the perspective of international peace was much satisfied , but this was destroyed by World War II again . Peace thought of World War II before , showed the development very significant in A. Einstein Marxism and ( non-violent ) movement Ahimsa of MK Gandhi , but those that are inherited resistance movement during the war in fact it ended with . In October 1945 the Second World War immediately after , for the maintenance of international peace and security , (UN) was established United Nations as an international peace mechanism . Then , the theory of < Peace region > , that is , to build a third force that confrontation between East and West both sides in the newly independent countries and many countries in Asia and Africa centered on India , China and United Arab Emirates to the theory of international peacekeeping principle of a new peaceful coexistence it is , by running the role of buffer zone of conflict of forces on both sides of the aisle , and to guarantee the safety of each other by < 5 peace principle > has been proposed . On the other hand , the development of fundamental nuclear weapons by the establishment of the Cold War with a focus on the former Soviet Union and the United States is emerging as the threat of a new peace , in addition to peaceful coexistence , the problem of nuclear weapons is an emergency line of peace theory before and after it is a result of zero rise . Then , the problem of peace , focus has been transferred colonial and semi- colonial problem , the problem of prevention of local war , and nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation issues in world affairs rapidly changing .
Modern peace
Threat to the largest international peace today , table of ( undercurrent ) revolutionary storage of contradiction fundamental , such as suppression , inequality that is inherent in the international order and world domination of liberal democracy and the possibility of war with nuclear weapons is out . Therefore , ( the peace by economism ) Konomi Car of Pax to overcome the infringement of the physical and the human spirit from the structural violence , such as poverty, oppression , inequality and ( peace by nuclear deterrence ) Pax Atomika as dominant peace concept of modern it is shared by the center of the world . Pax Atomika is , in a state in which the fear of annihilation by nuclear is to suppress the outbreak of nuclear war , which is the armed peace under the nuclear weapons . Not for military purposes in 1957 , for the peaceful use of nuclear energy , and also launched the International Atomic Energy Agency the (IAEA), the United Nations , because the United States and the former Soviet Union to prevent an increase in nuclear weapons states in 1970 in , I adopted the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT). However , currently , international debate is always nuclear weapons potential with the possibility of nuclear development in each country , you are in does not play the function of peacekeeping treaty system that these nuclear weapons deterrence . In addition, Pax Atomika , is merely the absence of war in the heart of the world , nuclear deterrence does not have the deterrent of war that occurs frequently at the periphery of the world . Therefore , currently , as specific conditions for securing international peace , together in an international organization a new balance of power between multiple war tensions and conflict of power between two or more through this in order to solve without a connection , how to achieve peaceful coexistence has been proposed .
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In front of the Atomic Bomb Memorial ruined in the bombing of World War II in Hiroshima of Japan Those who pass the peace and leisurely to forget the painful wounds of war we.
On top of the atomic bomb memorial, a symbol of peace, fly pigeons of 100 birds.
▼ ruins Nagasaki atomic bombing of World War II in Hiroshima of Japan
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